Analysis of Governmental’s Video Productions on COVID-19 for People with Disabilities from the Cognitive Multimedia Learning Theory Perspective

Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 imposed the elaboration and dissemination of content about protection and prevention of the disease for different audiences. Objective: Analyze videos released by government institutions related to COVID-19 protection and prevention for people with disabilities (PWD) in light of Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML). Methods: Documentary research, carried out on the official websites of the governmental spheres of Brazil and on the YouTube video sharing platform. Results: Identified 33 videos produced in 2020 and their contents presented understandable language, clear and varied colors, devoid of figures or animations. Of these, 29 videos included the Libras interpreter and one used audio description of the images. Two categories were identified: Protective Measures of COVID-19 in PWD and Preventive Measures of COVID-19 in PWD. According to the principles of the Theory it was observed adequacy in the conveying of information on the protective measures regarding the principles of coherence, signaling, spatial and temporal contiguity, pre-training, modality, multimedia and customization in the language on individual and collective protection measures, educational inclusion and accessibility to rehabilitation assistance by telehealth. In the preventive measures, the principles of multimedia, personalization, voice, image, signaling, and personalization are attended to, as hand washing, respiratory etiquette, correct use of the face mask and with lip visor, facing COVID-19 for intellectual PWD, hygiene of support equipment, and protocols used in inclusive residences were explained. Conclusions: The principles of CTML contributed satisfactorily to the visual materials published about COVID-19 for PWD, however, this communication modality needs a greater reach to the interested public. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

COVID-19 and its consequences in resuming the practice ofphysical exercise

The aim of this study was to discuss and analyze the consequences faced in the return to physical activity of the individuals affected by COVID-19. Descriptive research with an exploratory survey design was carried out with 34 participants, all of them affected by COVID-19 and with a previous history of physical training. The research instruments were built from two independent blocks: a) characterization of the participants and;b) application of SF-36. The data did not show normality according to the Shapiro-Wilk test and homogeneity according to the Levenes test. The results were presented from a descriptive analysis. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between the variables muscle weakness or fatigue and dyspnea (p <0.05). It was observed that the participants, especially women, reported performance loss. As COVID-19 is a little-known health condition, deeper analyzes should be carried out to its especially in studies.

Categories of fake news about COVID-19 disseminated in the first year of the pandemic in Brazil

The objective of this study was to analyze the false news about COVID-19 disseminated in Brazil during the first year of the pandemic in the country. This was a documentary type study, which investigated the fake news inserted in the Coronaverificado.news platform until February 27, 2021, totaling 938 news items, which were submitted to the IRaMuTeQ software, resulting in the Descending Hierarchical Classification. This enabled the clarification of four thematic categories analyzed with theoretical and methodological support from Hermeneutics-dialectics. The results revealed social networks as the most used vehicles for sending fake news (n=625;66.6%), whose contents were predominantly texts (n=488;52%). In the categorization of subjects, “Government and authorities” was the category that concentrated the most widespread subjects (56.6%), followed by “Development and application of vaccines” (14.8%), revealing the multifaceted scope and intention of the fake news items, which confuse the population and encourage adherence to unsafe practices. It is essential that the mass media function as a vehicle for reliable scientific and technical content about COVID-19's coping actions, since true communication associated with the ethical commitment of government officials will help to reduce the risk of people's inappropriate behavior, aiding the conscious adoption of measures that promote overall health in the pandemic and post-pandemic context. © 2021 Centro Universitario Sao Camilo. All rights reserved.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a cross-sectional study of cases and factors associated with deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, 2020

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C), and to identify factors associated with MIS-C deaths in Brazil, 2020. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, using national MIS-C monitoring data. Logistical regression was performed to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR). RESULTS: Median case (n=652) age was 5 years, 57.1% were male, 52.0% were of brown race/skin color and 6.4% died. Likelihood of death was greater among those who presented O2 saturation <95% (ORa=4.35 - 95%CI 1.69;11.20) and altered urea results (ORa=5.18 - 95%CI 1.91;14.04);likelihood of death was lower when red skin blotches were not present (ORa=0.23 - 95%CI 0.09;0.62), when anticoagulants were used (ORa=0.32 - 95%CI 0.12;0.89) and when immunoglobulins were used (ORa=0.38 - 95%CI 0.15;1.01). CONCLUSION: Fatality ratios were higher among cases that presented O2 saturation <95% and altered urea results. Fatality ratios were lower among those with red skin blotches, and those who used immunoglobulins and anticoagulants. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico da síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica pediátrica temporalmente associada à COVID-19 (SIM-P) e identificar fatores associados aos óbitos de SIM-P no Brasil, 2020. MÉTODOS: Estudo seccional, utilizando dados do monitoramento nacional da SIM-P. Empregou-se regressão logística para estimar razões de chances (OR, odds ratios ) brutas e ajustadas. RESULTADOS: Os casos (n=652) apresentaram mediana de idade de 5 anos;57,1% eram do sexo masculino e 52,0% de raça/cor da pele parda;6,4% evoluíram a óbito. A chance de óbito foi significativamente maior nos que apresentaram saturação de O2<95% (ORa=4,35 – IC95% 1,69;11,20) e resultado alterado de ureia (ORa=5,18 – IC95% 1,91;14,04);e menor na ausência de manchas vermelhas pelo corpo (ORa=0,23 – IC95% 0,09;0,62), com uso de anticoagulantes (ORa=0,32 – IC95% 0,12;0,89) e imunoglobulinas (ORa=0,38 – IC95% 0,15;1,01). CONCLUSÃO: A letalidade foi maior entre casos que apresentaram saturação de O2<95% e ureia alterada;e menor nos que apresentaram manchas vermelhas, usaram imunoglobulinas e anticoagulantes. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los casos por síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico asociado temporalmente a la COVID-19 (SIM-PedS) e identificar factores asociados a los óbitos por SIM-PedS en Brasil, 2020. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal basado en datos del monitoreo nacional de la SIM-PedS, Brasil, 2020. Se utilizó regresión logística para estimar razones de probabilidades brutas y ajustadas (OR, odds ratio). RESULTADOS: Los casos (n=652) presentaron edad mediana de 5 años, 57,1% eran hombres, 52,0% de raza/color pardo y 6,4% falleció. La probabilidad de muerte fue significativamente mayor entre aquellos con saturación de O2<95% (ORa=4,35 – IC95%1,69;11,20) y resultado alterado de urea (ORa=5,18 – IC95% 1,91;14,04);menor en ausencia de manchas rojas como erupción (ORa=0,23 – IC95% 0,09;0,62), con uso de anticoagulantes (ORa=0,32 – IC95% 0,12;0,89) e inmunoglobulinas (ORa=0,38 – IC95%0,15;1,01). CONCLUSIÓN: La letalidad fue mayor entre casos que presentaron saturación de O2<95% y urea alterada, y menor entre aquellos con manchas rojas, que usaron inmunoglobulinas y anticoagulantes.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 through pool testing for COVID-19: an integrative review

INTRODUCTION: The pool testing technique optimizes the number of tests performed and reduces the delivery time of results, which is an interesting strategy for the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This integrative review investigated studies in which pool testing was carried out for epidemiological or screening purposes to analyze its clinical or cost effectiveness and assessed the applicability of this method in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. METHODS: This integrative review used primary studies published in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS), and Cochrane Library databases. RESULTS: A total of 435 studies were identified: 35.3% were carried out in Asia, 29.4% in Europe, 29.4% in North America, and 5.9% in Oceania. CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that pool testing in the general population may be a useful surveillance strategy to detect new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and to evaluate the period of immunogenicity and global immunity from vaccines.